专利摘要:
The general field of the invention is that of synthetic representation processes of elements of interest in an aircraft visualization system, said display system comprising location sensors (1), cartographic databases (2) and of elements of interest (3), an image sensor (4), an image processing unit (5) and a generation unit (6) of three-dimensional digital images representative of the terrain overflown and a device for visualization (7), characterized in that, when the terrain overflown comprises an element of interest, said synthetic representation method comprises: a first step (11, 12, 13, 14) for searching and detecting said element of interest in each image of a sequence of images, and; a second step (15, 16, 17) for generating three-dimensional digital images representative of the terrain overflown, the element of interest being represented according to a first representation if it has not been detected in any of the images of the sequence of images and according to a second representation if it is detected.
公开号:FR3049744A1
申请号:FR1600547
申请日:2016-04-01
公开日:2017-10-06
发明作者:Thierry Ganille;Bruno Aymeric;Johanna Lux
申请人:Thales SA;
IPC主号:
专利说明:

Method for the synthetic representation of elements of interest in an aircraft visualization system
The field of the invention is that of visualization systems combining a synthetic image constructed from a database with one or images from one or more sensors. These systems are known as "CVS", an acronym for "Combined Vision Systems". They are dedicated to driving vehicles including aircraft. They allow the operators of the vehicle to conduct their mission in bad weather with the same rules and safety as in good weather. For example, in aeronautical use, they are used in particular during the taxiing, takeoff and landing phases.
The sensors used are infrared sensors, millimeter radars or lidars. The images can be displayed on display devices on the dashboard or on transparent display devices displaying the images superimposed on the outdoor landscape.
To allow the pilot to locate himself, we try to detect and display easily recognizable and identifiable objects. In the remainder of the description, these objects are called "elements of interest". We understand that these elements of interest must be displayed in the clearest and most intuitive way possible.
In the case of aeronautical applications, these objects are in particular landing strips. During an instrument approach, the regulations require the crew to acquire external visual references over a certain altitude or at a certain height of the runway to be able to continue the landing, otherwise the crew a go-around In recent years, a specific regulation authorizes the crew to acquire the visual references no longer in direct vision but by means of a sensor looking towards the front of the aircraft. It is therefore essential that the presentation of information from sensors is presented in the best possible way to help the crew in their decision making.
A first solution is to display only the synthetic image in a system called "SVS", acronym for "Synthetic Vision System" without taking into account the information from the image sensors. Thus, in aeronautical use, the system displays only the terrain and landing strips from the position of the aircraft provided by its "GPS" system and its inertial unit. The uncertainty on the position of the aircraft as well as the precision of the positions of the tracks stored in the databases prohibit, however, the use of an SVS in critical phases where the aircraft is close to the ground as the landing and takeoff.
A second solution is to display only the image from the sensor or sensors. These systems are called "EVS", an acronym for "Enhanced Vision Systems" or "EFVS", an acronym for "Enhanced Flight Vision Systems". However, the elements of interest are not necessarily easily identifiable. Thus, an infrared detector makes it difficult to detect an airstrip in certain weather conditions, such as in fog, for example. The crew does not have the necessary information for landing.
Finally, the existing CVS solutions are based on the simultaneous display of all or part of the synthetic image and the image from the sensor, for example by the superposition of the different images and possibly the registration of the synthetic image on a remarkable element of the image of the sensor, or by the incrustation of the image of the sensor in a medallion of the synthetic image or by the clipping of remarkable elements of the sensor image and the incrustation of these elements on the synthetic image. By way of example, US Pat. No. 7,826,666 entitled "Methods and apparatus for runway segmentation using sensor analysis" and US Pat. No. 7,925,117 entitled "Fusion of sensor data and synthetic data to form an integrated image" describe solutions of this type.
The main drawbacks of these CVS solutions lie in their difficulty of legibility and interpretation by the crew. Another defect is their dependence on the frequency of generation of the images of the sensors which for some, of the family of the radars for example, can introduce saccades in the display of the image. Infrared type sensors have other disadvantages as already mentioned.
Finally, the "APALS" system, an acronym for "Autonomous Precision Approach and Landing System", provides a synthetic representation of the runway constructed from navigation data and detection by a modified weather radar. This system does not make it possible to know if the track is actually detected by the radar and does not propose a transition between the synthetic representation of the track before detection and after detection by the sensor.
The method of synthetic representation of elements of interest according to the invention does not have the above disadvantages. The heart of this method is to display only the synthetic image but in a configuration and in a representation dependent on the recognition of items of interest by the sensors. We thus benefit from the information given by the sensors without having the disadvantages of a sensor image that may be of poor quality.
More specifically, the subject of the invention is a method for synthetically representing elements of interest in an aircraft visualization system, said display system comprising at least sensors for locating said aircraft, a first cartographic database, a second database of items of interest, an image sensor, an image processing unit derived from said image sensor, a three-dimensional digital image generation unit representative of the terrain overflown by the aircraft according to the data from the location sensors, the two cartographic databases and elements of interest and from the image processing unit and a display device, characterized in that, when the terrain overflown comprises at least one element of interest in the database of items of interest, said item being displayed in the three-dimensional digital images representative of the terrain overflown, said synthetic representation method comprises at least: a first step of searching and detecting said element of interest in each image of a sequence of images from the image sensor, the detection being provided by the processing unit and; a second step of generating three-dimensional digital images representative of the terrain overflown, the element of interest being represented according to a first representation if it has not been detected in any of the images of the sequence of images from the sensor of images and according to a second representation if it is detected in at least one image of the image sequence.
Advantageously, in the second step, the element of interest being represented in the second representation is represented according to a third representation if it is no longer detected in a determined succession of images of said image sequence.
Advantageously, when the element of interest is detected in at least one image of the image sequence, the position of this element of interest in the three-dimensional digital image is brought into line with the position it occupies in said image from the image sensor.
Advantageously, when the element of interest is detected in at least one image of the image sequence, the position of the three-dimensional digital image is matched with the position of said image from the image sensor.
Advantageously, the first representation, the second representation and the third representation differ from each other by the colors of their outlines or the styles of features of their contours or by the appearance, disappearance or modification of symbols associated with said element of interest.
Advantageously, the element of interest is a landing strip or elements of an airstrip or a helipad or a fixed obstacle.
Advantageously, the image sensor is an infrared camera, a millimetric radar or a "LADAR".
Advantageously, the visualization system is one of the color screens of the dashboard of the aircraft or a head-up type display displaying the three-dimensional image on the outside landscape or a helmet visualization system or a display device and projection on the windshield of the aircraft. The invention will be better understood and other advantages will become apparent on reading the description which follows given by way of non-limiting example and by virtue of the appended figures among which:
FIG. 1 represents a display system implementing a method of synthetic representation of elements of interest according to the invention;
FIG. 2 represents the functional diagram representing the method according to the invention;
Figures 3, 4 and 5 show an example of implementation of the method according to the invention in a display device. By way of non-limiting example, FIG. 1 represents a visualization system implementing a method of synthetic representation of elements of interest according to the invention in the context of an aeronautical application. This visualization system comprises at least: sensors 1 for locating said aircraft; a first cartographic database 2; a second database of elements of interest 3; one or more image sensors 4; a processing unit 5 of the images coming from said image sensor; a unit for generating three-dimensional digital images representative of the terrain overflown by the aircraft as a function of the data obtained from the location sensors, the two cartographic databases and the elements of interest, and the processing unit; 'images and a display device. This unit is also called S VS unit; - A visualization device 7.
Locating sensors 1 generally include a satellite navigation system called "GPS", acronym for "Global Positioning System" or "GNSS", acronym for "Global Navigation"
Satellite System "and an inertial reference system called" 1RS ", an acronym for" Inertial Reference System ", the set to determine the position of the aircraft in a landmark and its attitude in this landmark.
The database of elements of interest 3 can be the navigation base of the navigation system of the aircraft, known by the acronym "FMS" meaning "Flight Management System" or the obstacle base of the system. TAWS ", meaning" Terrain Awareness and Warning System ". An element of interest of this base can be a landing strip, a helipad or a fixed obstacle. The position of a moving obstacle can not come from a database. On the other hand, it can be provided by the system "ADS-B", acronym meaning "Automatic Depends Surveillance - Broadcast".
The image sensors 4 may be an infrared camera, a millimetric radar or an active laser type "LADAR", an acronym meaning "LAser Detection And Ranging". The sensors are necessarily arranged to look ahead of the aircraft.
The essential function of the processing unit 5 of images from said image sensor 4 is to identify the elements of interest present in the image. This analysis is facilitated by the approximate knowledge of the elements of interest that should be present in the image, taking into account the position of the aircraft relative to the terrain. On the other hand, the shape of the elements of interest is also known. The SVS unit 6 generates the three-dimensional digital images from information from the location sensors, the two map databases and items of interest and the image processing unit. It more specifically implements the method of synthetic representation of elements of interest according to the invention.
The display device can be of different natures. This may be one of the aircraft's dashboard color displays or a head-up type display displaying the three-dimensional image on the outdoor landscape or a helmet or display visualization system. a display on the windshield of the device.
The method according to the invention is implemented in a sequence of images that can include a few images to a few tens of images.
This sequence is, of course, renewable. By way of nonlimiting example, the simplified flowchart of the method according to the invention implemented by the unit 6 is shown in FIG.
In an initial step represented by the reference 10, the image sensor records an image of the sequence and transmits it to the processing unit 6.
In a first step comprising references 11, 12, 13 and 14, the processing unit looks in this image for an element of interest E.I. contained in the databases and likely to be present in the image. This search is symbolized by the diamond 12.
There are two scenarios. The search finds no element of interest. This case is symbolized by the arrow "NO" coming from the diamond 11 of FIG. 2. The calculation unit takes into account the position of the aircraft symbolized by the rectangle 13. Then, the calculation unit checks whether in the previous images, an item of interest has been detected. This step is symbolized by the diamond 14.
If no element of interest has been detected in the preceding images, this case being symbolized by the "NO" arrow coming from the diamond 14 of FIG. 2, the three-dimensional synthetic image is constructed according to the positioning information of the FIG. given by the location means such as GPS or GNSS systems, possibly augmented by satellite, these systems are known by the name "SBAS" meaning "Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems" or the 1RS inertial unit or by a system a hybrid of information from the inertial unit and satellite navigation systems. These hybrid systems have a margin of error on each axis of 30 meters with a probability of 10%.
If an element of interest is nevertheless present in the synthetic image of the external landscape, it is then generated in the form of a first representation as indicated in rectangle 16 of FIG. 2. The pilot then understands that this element of interest must exist in the field but has not been detected by the image sensors.
If the search finds an element of interest or if an element of interest was previously detected, these cases are symbolized by the arrows "YES" from the lozenges 11 and 14 of Figure 2. An algorithm then calculates the position of the aircraft with respect to this element of interest in the relevant axes. This calculated position is then used to frame the displayed synthetic image. This framing or setting takes into account any discrepancies between the position of the aircraft resulting from its navigation system and the position calculated from the position of the detected element.
Two options are possible. In a first option, the registration only concerns the element of interest. The rest of the synthetic image is displayed without registration. In a second option, the entire synthetic image is recalibrated. In all cases, the element or elements of interest are displayed according to a second representation different from the first representation, thus indicating to the users that the item or elements of interest displayed have been detected by the sensors of the apparatus and are present in the image.
The process according to the invention can be refined. When the element of interest has been detected in one or more images and is no longer during a plurality of successive images, for example, if a thickest fog bank is momentarily traversed by the aircraft hindering the reception of sensors, then the element of interest is displayed in the form of a third representation, different from the two previous ones.
The first representation, the second representation and the third representation may differ in each other by the colors of their outlines or by the styles of features of their contours or by the appearance, disappearance or modification of symbols associated with said element of interest. . As an example of application, the method according to the invention is implemented to ensure the take-off and / or landing of aircraft in degraded visibility condition. The elements of interest are then the airstrips for which the information necessary for their synthetic display can be provided by the ARINC 424 standard navigation database, a database that is regularly present in modern aircraft and regularly updated.
The analysis module then contains, more specifically, algorithms for detecting the landing runways and their approach ramp in the images provided by the image sensors of the aircraft.
When a track and / or its ramp is detected, this module calculates the position of the aircraft in the track mark, that is to say the height "HAT" relative to the track, HAT signifying "Height Above Threshold ", the lateral deviation from the runway centreline and optionally the horizontal distance to the threshold. The error of position in the longitudinal axis of the track is much less critical than the two previously mentioned deviations.
These two or optionally three values are sent to the SVS module of the apparatus which compares them with the values calculated from the assumed position of the aircraft provided by the inertial unit and from the position of the landing strip (s) from the aircraft. databases of items of interest. It is indeed possible that there are several parallel tracks in the same airport. If the two or three absolute values of the differences are below a predetermined threshold, an association is made between the track detected by the sensor and the track from the database of items of interest. This predetermined threshold is a function of the possible error of the inertial unit, the possible error of the sensor and the possible error of position of the threshold of track in the database, the threshold for the vertical axis being able to be different the threshold used for the axes of the runway plane. It can also be verified that this is the track identified for landing in the flight management system or FMS of the aircraft.
An angular deviation between the track axis given by the database and the track axis detected by a sensor can be identified if the accuracy of the course heading value recorded in the navigation database is not not sufficient, or expressed along a magnetic course, may be subject to variations in time instead of true heading. This deviation on the orientation of the runway axis, if it exists, is also memorized and compensated in the course of the synthetic runway.
The deviations on these three axes are then used to readjust and memorize a new origin of the trace of the track in the synthetic image of the terrain. If a deviation on the vertical axis is identified, one can also make a vertical registration of the plot of land. If the detection of the track by the sensor is interrupted, the track trace continues to be performed with the last computed origin and the position provided by the 1RS control unit, thus allowing the continuation of the landing with a calculated synthetic runway. from his last stuck position.
A second approach consists in calculating and storing a difference in the longitude, latitude and altitude data from the 1RS control panel allowing a coherent track of the data from the sensor to be displayed instead of the calculation of the new origin of the sensor. Track.
The track is then represented under its second representation, indicating to the pilot that the track is where it is displayed.
The two representations of landing strips can be differentiated, for example, by the color of their outline. For a "head-down" dashboard display, the outline of the track can be represented in amber or red when the track is not detected and green when the track is detected.
These representations may vary by the line style of the outline. For a monochrome top-up display, the lines representing the track are dashed when the track is not detected and these lines are represented in solid lines when the track is detected.
Symbolic representations of the runway threshold lamps may also be used. For example, the lamps are shown as empty circles or with amber crosses when the track is not detected and the track lamps are shown as white or green solid circles when the track is detected.
FIGS. 3 to 5 illustrate, in the case where the element of interest is a landing strip P, the three possible representations of this track in a head-up display device. In the case of Figure 3, the track has not been detected and is represented in a first representation P1 with tight dotted lines. In the case of Figure 4, the track has been detected and is represented in a second representation P2 having continuous lines. In the case of Figure 5, the track has been detected at least once and is not detected during a succession of images. It is represented in a third representation P3 with broad dots.
The great advantage of the method according to the invention is that it uses the useful information from the image sensors of the device without having to manage or display them. The pilot thus has the information that the elements of interest are present on the outside where the three-dimensional synthetic image displays them without having the disadvantages of a real image that would not necessarily be easily exploitable.
权利要求:
Claims (9)
[1" id="c-fr-0001]
1. Method for the synthetic representation of elements of interest in an aircraft visualization system, said display system comprising at least locating sensors (1) of said aircraft, a first cartographic database (2), a second base data item of interest (3), an image sensor (4), a processing unit (5) of images from said image sensor, a generating unit (6) of representative three-dimensional digital images terrain overflown by the aircraft based on the data from the location sensors, the two map databases and items of interest and the image processing unit and a display device (7), characterized in that, when the terrain overflown has at least one element of interest present in the database of elements of interest, said element being displayed in the digital images three-dimensional representative of the terrain overflown, said synthetic representation method comprises at least: a first step (11, 12, 13, 14) for searching and detecting said element of interest in each image of a sequence of images from the image sensor, the detection being provided by the processing unit and; a second step (15, 16, 17) for generating three-dimensional digital images representative of the terrain overflown, the element of interest being represented according to a first representation if it has not been detected in any of the images of the sequence of images from the image sensor and according to a second representation if it is detected in at least one image of the image sequence.
[2" id="c-fr-0002]
2. Synthetic representation method of elements of interest according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the second step, the element of interest being represented in the second representation is represented according to a third representation if n ' is no longer detected in a determined succession of images of said sequence of images.
[3" id="c-fr-0003]
Method for the synthetic representation of elements of interest according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, when the element of interest is detected in at least one image of the image sequence, the position of this element element of interest in the three-dimensional digital image is matched to the position it occupies in said image from the image sensor.
[4" id="c-fr-0004]
4. Method of synthetic representation of elements of interest according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, when the element of interest is detected in at least one image of the image sequence, the position of the three-dimensional digital image is matched with the position of said image from the image sensor.
[5" id="c-fr-0005]
5. Method for synthetic representation of elements of interest according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first representation, the second representation and the third representation of an element of interest differ from each other by the colors of their contours or by the line styles of their contours or by the appearance, disappearance or modification of symbols associated with said element of interest.
[6" id="c-fr-0006]
6. Method of synthetic representation of elements of interest according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the element of interest is a landing strip or elements of a landing strip or a helipad.
[7" id="c-fr-0007]
7. Method of synthetic representation of elements of interest according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the element of interest is a fixed obstacle.
[8" id="c-fr-0008]
8. Method of synthetic representation of elements of interest according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the image sensor is a millimetric radar or a "LADAR" or an infrared camera.
[9" id="c-fr-0009]
9. Method of synthetic representation of elements of interest according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the display system is one of the color screens of the dashboard of the aircraft or a head-up type display displaying the three-dimensional image on the exterior landscape or a helmet visualization system or a display and projection device on the windshield of the aircraft.
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法律状态:
2017-03-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
2017-10-06| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20171006 |
2018-03-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
2020-03-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
2022-01-07| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20211205 |
优先权:
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
FR1600547|2016-04-01|
FR1600547A|FR3049744B1|2016-04-01|2016-04-01|METHOD FOR SYNTHETICALLY REPRESENTING ELEMENTS OF INTEREST IN A VISUALIZATION SYSTEM FOR AN AIRCRAFT|FR1600547A| FR3049744B1|2016-04-01|2016-04-01|METHOD FOR SYNTHETICALLY REPRESENTING ELEMENTS OF INTEREST IN A VISUALIZATION SYSTEM FOR AN AIRCRAFT|
EP17162703.7A| EP3226062B1|2016-04-01|2017-03-24|Method for synthetic representation of elements of interest in a display system for an aircraft|
US15/469,555| US10249094B2|2016-04-01|2017-03-26|Method of synthetic representation of elements of interest in a viewing system for aircraft|
CN201710207886.0A| CN107451988A|2016-04-01|2017-03-31|The method represented is synthesized to element interested in the inspection system of aircraft|
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